不間斷電源（UPS）是一種電力電子技術(shù)和儲(chǔ)能裝置，為主閥控式密封鉛酸蓄電池股東周年大會(huì)上的組合。 The reliability and availability of these systems in many industrial applications is critical to manage operations or maintain operations during mains power brown outs or black outs.的可靠性和在許多工業(yè)應(yīng)用這些系統(tǒng)的可用性是至關(guān)重要的管理操作或維持在主電源或黑褐色出局出局操作。 Understanding the reliability of these systems needs to be done in the context of the effect of different topologies and the applied technologies.了解這些系統(tǒng)的可靠性必須在不同的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和應(yīng)用技術(shù)的作用范圍內(nèi)開展。 By taking these two factors into consideration it is possible to improve the reliability and availability of a UPS. ，并考慮到這兩個(gè)因素有可能提高UPS的可靠性和可用性。 This document focuses on the methods applied to calculate reliability and availability of UPS electronics.本文件側(cè)重于應(yīng)用，計(jì)算的可靠性和可用性的UPS電子的方法。 Some examples are provided to assist with demonstrating the calculation as well as providing a method of comparing different topologies and technologies.一些例子，以幫助證明計(jì)算，以及提供一個(gè)比較不同的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和技術(shù)方法。

Industrial UPS technologies 工業(yè)UPS技術(shù)
Various levels of engineering design are applied for UPS's in industrial applications.工程設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用于各個(gè)層次的UPS在工業(yè)應(yīng)用中的。 The importance attached to the UPS generally comes down to the criticality of maintaining control or operations of specific assets within a network.連接到UPS的重要性普遍歸結(jié)為維持在一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制或特定資產(chǎn)業(yè)務(wù)的關(guān)鍵性。 The requirement for improved reliability has seen the introduction of newer techniques and technologies.為提高可靠性的要求已經(jīng)看到了新技術(shù)和技術(shù)的引進(jìn)。 The speed at which these newer designs have been taken up by industry has varied.在這些新的設(shè)計(jì)行業(yè)已經(jīng)采取了速度各不相同。 For example, it is common to still find UPS systems in electricity infrastructure using mature technologies such as Phase Control SCR and wet cell batteries.例如，它是常見的仍發(fā)現(xiàn)在電力基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施UPS系統(tǒng)使用諸如相位控制SCR和濕電池的成熟技術(shù)。 However within the sectors of IT and Telecommunication, the use of hot pluggable switch mode rectifiers (SMR) and VRLA batteries would be considered to be the staple.然而在資訊科技和電訊，在熱插拔開關(guān)整流器（SMR）的閥控式密封鉛酸蓄電池的使用和各部門將被視為是主食。

Reliability and Availability of UPS electronics 可靠性和可用性的UPS電子
Both reliability and availability are methods of calculating the probable performance of electronic devices.可靠性和可用性的計(jì)算可能的電子設(shè)備性能的方法。 Determining the probability is dependant upon whether the devices within a system are in series or parallel.確定的概率，取決于是否在系統(tǒng)的設(shè)備串聯(lián)或并聯(lián)。 From a reliability theory perspective, if a component fails and causes the failure of the entire system then that component is considered to be in series.從可靠性理論的角度來看，如果一個(gè)組件出現(xiàn)故障，導(dǎo)致整個(gè)系統(tǒng)故障則該組件被認(rèn)為是串聯(lián)。 Conversely, if the component fails and another component takes over the function of the failed component, then the failed component is considered to be in parallel.相反，如果組件失敗，另一個(gè)組件接管失敗的組件的功能，那么失敗的組件被認(rèn)為是平行進(jìn)行。

What is Electronics Reliability? 什么是電子產(chǎn)品可靠性？
Reliability of an electronics component for a UPS can be general defined as the probability that the device will perform its intended function over a specified period of time, within its specified parameters.凡為UPS的電子元件的可靠性是一般性的概率定義為將執(zhí)行該設(shè)備在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)預(yù)期的功能在其的參數(shù)。 The measure for reliability (R) is the probability that a device will still be working one hour from now and is expressed as:在可靠性（R）的措施，是一個(gè)設(shè)備的概率仍然會(huì)從現(xiàn)在的工作一小時(shí)，并表示為：

With 'F' denoting the Failure Rate, which is the probability that a device will fail within one hour and is calculated by applying the following formula:隨著'氟，意指故障率，這是一個(gè)設(shè)備的概率會(huì)失敗，并在一小時(shí)內(nèi)采用下列公式計(jì)算：

To calculate the Failure Rate, the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) of a device is required.來計(jì)算失?。ㄆ骄鶗r(shí)間）的故障率，平均時(shí)間的設(shè)備是必需的。 The MTBF is characterised as the average time interval between failures before the failure is repaired.在平均的特點(diǎn)是平均間隔時(shí)間故障前被修復(fù)。 This is measured in number of hours.這是衡量的小時(shí)數(shù)。

Reliability of DC UPS 直流UPS的可靠性
The reliability of a UPS takes into account the failure rate of its components, and their orientation to each other.一個(gè)UPS可靠性考慮到其組成部分的故障率，它們的方向?qū)Ψ健?/SPAN> That is, are they in series or parallel.也就是說，在串聯(lián)或并聯(lián)他們。 So, for a UPS comprising of three components, the system reliability is stated as:因此，對于UPS的三個(gè)組成部分組成，系統(tǒng)的可靠性是表述為：

Where the system MTBF is:其中系統(tǒng)平均時(shí)間是：

To understａnd how the reliability of a UPS system can be improved, below is a comparison of the reliability of a modular switch mode rectifier system with and without redundancy.要了解如何UPS系統(tǒng)的可靠性得到提高，以下是一個(gè)模塊化交換機(jī)模式和無冗余整流系統(tǒng)的可靠性比較。 In the example it is assumed that three switch-mode rectifier modules operating in series is needed for normal operation.在這個(gè)例子中，假定有三個(gè)開關(guān)式整流器模塊系列操作系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行是必要的。 From a manufacturer's data sheet, the MTBF of the module is quoted as being 400,000 hours.從制造商的數(shù)據(jù)資料，該模塊的MTBF為400,000小時(shí)被引述。 Based on this information the equation to determine the reliability of a non-redundant system is:基于這些信息的公式來確定一個(gè)非冗余系統(tǒng)的可靠性是：



Where the above mentioned system MTBF is:如果上述系統(tǒng)的MTBF是：

The comparison for the previous system is a topology of N+1, where there are four modules in series and only three are needed for the normal operation of the system.對于以前的系統(tǒng)比較是N +1，其中有四個(gè)系列模塊，只有三個(gè)是為系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行需要的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。 Using probability theory it is possible to calculate the effect of creating a redundant system, as shown below:利用概率論它是可以計(jì)算創(chuàng)造一個(gè)冗余系統(tǒng)，如下圖所示的效果：

Where the system MTBF with redundancy is;凡具有冗余系統(tǒng)MTBF的;

This example demonstrates the addition of a redundant module can significantly increase the reliability of a system, with the cost of significantly increasing reliability requiring very little additional capital outlay.這個(gè)例子演示了一個(gè)冗余模塊的加入能顯著增加的顯著提高可靠性需要很少的額外資本支出的成本，系統(tǒng)可靠性。

What is Availability? 什么是可用性？
The availability (A) of a device takes into consideration the MTBF of a product, and the Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) of the device failure.可用性（一）設(shè)備需要考慮的一個(gè)產(chǎn)品平均時(shí)間，平均時(shí)間修復(fù)時(shí)間（MTTR）的設(shè)備故障。 Where the MTTR is the average time frame time it takes to repaired and restore the device to normal operation.凡MTTR是平均時(shí)間花費(fèi)的時(shí)間修復(fù)，恢復(fù)設(shè)備正常運(yùn)行。 This is expressed as:這是表示為：

Determining the MTTR is a matter of understanding the accessibility to spare parts, qualified labour and time to safely remove and repair the device.確定MTTR是一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)無障礙備件，合格的勞動(dòng)力和時(shí)間，安全地刪除和維修設(shè)備的問題。 It is here where the use of modular 'hot swappable' components come to the fore.這其中的模塊化'熱交換'的組件使用脫穎而出。

Availability of DC Auxiliary Systems 直流輔助系統(tǒng)的可用性
The availability of a UPS is similar to reliability taking into account the failure rate of its components, and their orientation to each other. UPS的可用性的一個(gè)類似的可靠性考慮到其組成部分的故障率，它們的方向?qū)Ψ健?/SPAN> So, for a UPS comprising of three components, the system availability (A _sys ) is stated as:因此，對于UPS的組成部分包括三，系統(tǒng)可用性（一個(gè)_{系統(tǒng)} ）的表述為：

To understａnd how availability is improved, below is a comparison of the availability of a modular system without redundancy and a Phase Control SCR charger.要了解如何提高可用性，下面是一個(gè)沒有冗余的模塊化系統(tǒng)的可用度和相位控制可控硅充電器比較。 Firstly, it's assumed the modular charger contains three switch-mode rectifier modules in series and the MTTR time is 2-hours.首先，它承擔(dān)了模塊化充電器系列包含三個(gè)開關(guān)式整流器模塊和MTTR的時(shí)間為2小時(shí)。 From a manufacturer's data sheet, the MTBF of the module is quoted as being 400,000 hours.從制造商的數(shù)據(jù)資料，該模塊的MTBF為400,000小時(shí)被引述。 Based on this information the applied equation is:基于這些信息的應(yīng)用公式為：

Where the above mentioned A _sys down time is:如上述提到的_{系統(tǒng)}停機(jī)時(shí)間是：

= (1 - A _sys ) x (365 x 24 x 60) =（1 -甲_{系統(tǒng)} ）×（365 × 24 × 60）

= 7-minutes, 53-seconds = 7分鐘，53秒

For the Phase Control SCR, the MTBF is 175, 200 (20-years) based on a manufacturers data sheet with a mean time to repair of 8-hours.對于相位控制可控硅，平均時(shí)間為175，200（20歲）一，平均修復(fù)時(shí)間為8小時(shí)制造商的數(shù)據(jù)表為基礎(chǔ)。 The 8-hour MTTR is predominately due the system being non-modular. 8小時(shí)MTTR是由于系統(tǒng)為主是非模塊化。 As a result, to restore normal operations of a failed SCR will normally require the replacement of the whole charger.因此，要恢復(fù)正常運(yùn)作的一個(gè)失敗的可控硅通常需要更換整個(gè)充電器。 The maximum permissible time is now dependant upon the autonomy time of the batteries.允許時(shí)間后，現(xiàn)在的電池后備時(shí)間而定。 In this case this is assumed to be 8-hours.在這種情況下它會(huì)被視為是8小時(shí)。

Where the down time for A _sys (Phase Control SCR) is:如果一個(gè)_{系統(tǒng)}停機(jī)時(shí)間（相位控制SCR）是：

= (1 - A _sys ) x (365 x 24 x 60) =（1 -甲_{系統(tǒng)} ）×（365 × 24 × 60）

= 23-minutes, 59-seconds = 23分59秒

However, if there is a single point of failure and when the calculated down time is less than the stated MTTR, then down time can not be less than the MTTR.但是，如果有一個(gè)單一故障點(diǎn)，當(dāng)計(jì)算下來時(shí)間比規(guī)定的MTTR少，然后停機(jī)時(shí)間不能超過MTTR的少。 This statement is true for SCR chargers, making the actual down time 8-hours.這個(gè)說法是正確的可控硅充電器，使得實(shí)際停機(jī)時(shí)間8小時(shí)。 The significance of the MTTR on system design also needs to be viewed from a risk perspective.該系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的MTTR的意義也需要從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的角度來看。 For the period of time the Phase Control SCR is down, the batteries will be supplying the Vdc load.對于一段時(shí)間的相位控制可控硅下來，電池將提供虛擬數(shù)據(jù)中心的負(fù)載。 So even though the charger will have returned to normal operations by 8-hours, it will take an additional 24-hours at a minimum to bring a string of VRLA batteries back to a 99% state of charge.因此，即使充電器將返回8小時(shí)正常運(yùn)行，還需要至少一個(gè)額外的24小時(shí)，帶來了閥控式密封鉛酸蓄電池的字符串返回100％的充電狀態(tài)。 For the modular charger, it is estimated that it would take approximately 6-hours.對于模塊化充電器，據(jù)估計(jì)，它大約需要6小時(shí)。

Summary 綜述
The use of modular components in the design of a Vac or Vdc UPS can have a significant effect on the reliability and availability, as well the cost to achieve this improved result.對于模塊化組成部分在一個(gè)Vac或伏UPS設(shè)計(jì)使用可對可靠性和可用性顯著的影響，以及實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的成本提高的結(jié)果。 Additionally modular 'hot pluggable' components provide a significant advantage to operational management through reduced repair times and risk of operations.此外模塊化'熱插拔'的組件提供通過減少維修時(shí)間及經(jīng)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)營管理的顯著優(yōu)勢。 Especially when compared to mature technologies such as Phase Control SCR.尤其是相對成熟，如相可控硅控制技術(shù)。

For further information on the methods to improve both the reliability and availability of Vac and Vdc UPS system, contact CenturyYuasa.有關(guān)方法的進(jìn)一步信息，同時(shí)提高可靠性和醋酸乙烯酯和VDC UPS系統(tǒng)，聯(lián)系CenturyYuasa可用性。